ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Bijvoeglijk naamwoord gebruik
Een bijvoeglijk naamwoord zegt iets van een zelfstandig naamwoord.
Dat kan op twee manieren:
*
Het bijvoeglijk naamwoord staat vóór het zelfstandig naamwoord.
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Voorbeeld: Een mooie fiets. A beautiful bike
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*
Het bijvoeglijk naamwoord komt na een vorm van het werkwoord ZIJN (= BE)
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Voorbeeld: Die fiets is mooi. That bike is beautiful.
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Trappen van vergelijking
Je kunt bijvoeglijke naamwoorden gebruiken om zaken met elkaar te vergelijken, bijvoorbeeld: deze auto is mooier dan die.
Er bestaan van alle bijvoeglijke naamwoorden drie vormen:
De
stellende trap
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Vb: Die
beuk is oud.
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De
vergrotende trap
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Vb. Die
els is ouder.
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De
overtreffende trap
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Vb. Die
eik is de oudste boom in het bos.
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Hoe je in het Engels de verschillende trappen maakt, hangt af van het aantal lettergrepen waaruit een bijvoeglijk naamwoord bestaat.
stellende
trap
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vergrotende
trap
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overtreffende
trap
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1
lettergreep
|
gewone
vorm
small
wet fine |
gewone
vorm +(E)R
smaller
wetter finer |
gewone vorm
+(E)ST
smallest
wettest finest |
2
lettergrepen met klemtoon op de tweede of eindigend op -le / -er / -ow / -y
|
gewone
vorm
polite
clever narrow |
gewone
vorm + (E)R
politer
cleverer narrower |
gewone
vorm +(E)ST
politest
cleverest narrowest |
rest met 2
lettergrepen en 3 of meer lettergrepen
|
gewone
vorm
splendid
terrible beautiful |
MORE +
gewone vorm
more
splendid
more terrible more beautiful |
MOST + gewone vorm
most
splendid
most terrible most beautiful |
Enkele bijvoeglijke naamwoorden voldoen aan geen enkele regel voor het opstellen van de trappen van vergelijking. Die vormen zul je dus uit je hoofd moeten leren. Het gaat om de volgende:
goed
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good
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better
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best
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slechts
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bad
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worse
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worst
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klein
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little
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smaller
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smallest
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weinig
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little
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less
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least
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veel (bij
enkelvoud)
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much
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more
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most
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veel (bij
meervoud)
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many
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more
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most
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BIJVOEGLIJKE NAAMWOORDEN MET 1 LETTERGREEP ==> ER/ EST
The car is big.
This car is bigger than that car
Those cars are the BIGGEST cars
BIJVOEGLIJKE NAAMWOORDEN MET MEER DAN 1 LETTERGREEP ==> MORE/ MOST
Sue is beautiful.
Cathy is more beautiful than Sue.
Lonneke is the most beautiful girl in the school.
1 UITZONDERING ==> LE ER OW Y==> 2 lettergrepen==> ER/ EST
Tim is ugly.
Johnny is uglier than Tim.
Kees is the ugliest boy in school.
Exercise 1
1. A diamond is the ............... (hard) stone I know.
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hard
harder hardest |
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2. A pen without ink is ......... (useless) than a car without
petrol.
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useless
more useless most useless |
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3. Is a horse ....... (intelligent) than a mouse?
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intelligent
more intelligent most intelligent |
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4. The Tower is the .......... (famous) castle in Britain.
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famous
more famous most famous |
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5. The .......... (near) post office is two miles away.
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near
nearer nearest |
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Exercise 2
1) Rotterdam is the ................ (important) port in the
world.
2) Ken ran the ............ (fast) in the marathon and won a nice medal.
3) My brother was ......... (surprised) than anyone else.
4) Her wedding was one of the ........ (happy) moments in her life.
5) This story is ............ (interesting) than last week's.
Bijwoorden gebruik
Bijwoorden zeggen iets van een:
1.
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werkwoord
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Vb: Drive carefully!
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2.
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bijvoeglijk naamwoord
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Vb: She has a beautifully dressed
doll.
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3.
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een ander
bijwoord
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Vb: The plane went extremely
fast.
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4.
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een hele
zin
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Vb: Unfortunately, I missed the
train.
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Vorm
De meeste bijwoorden worden gevormd door -LY achter het bijvoeglijk naamwoord te zetten.
Vb:
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bijvoeglijk naamwoord
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bijwoord
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quick
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quickly
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serious
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seriously
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happy
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happily
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careful
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carefully
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Uitzonderingen
Van sommige bijwoorden bestaat zowel een vorm zonder LY als met LY. Beide woorden hebben dan een andere betekenis.
Vb:
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The train arrived late.
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(te) laat
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Have you seen her lately?
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de laatste
tijd
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The car stopped short.
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plotseling
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I expect her back shortly.
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binnenkort
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We searched far and near.
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dichtbij
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You nearly told him the secret.
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bijna
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Don't work too hard.
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hard
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I hardly know him.
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nauwelijks
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You don't play fair.
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eerlijk
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Jack plays fairly well.
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tamelijk
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En verder:
Het bijwoord van good is: well.
Plaats van bijwoorden als usually, ever / never / sometimes / always / etc:
Voor het
hoofdwerkwoord, of;
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Vb: She always goes to school by bike.
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Na een
vorm van BE
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Vb: She is never late.
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Exercises
A. Fill in the
correct forms.
Example: Speak ... (slow).
Otherwise I can't understand your ... (good) ideas.
Speak
slowly. Otherwise I can't understand your good ideas.
- Naomi does not ... (usual) organise fashion shows, but this was a ... (wonderful) show.
- John is a ……………….(bad) speaker.
- She is a …………………(kind) woman.
- There had been a ………………………..(terrible) accident.
- I am ………………………(terrible) sorry.
- I do not ... (normal) buy things for her, but I'm ... (absolute) sure she'll like this t-shirt.
- Fiona is a ………………………(good) teacher. She teaches ………………..(good).
- Namil is ... (secret) taking things from her parents' shop, which is not a ............. (nice) thing to do.
- She ... (sudden) told me the ... (terrible) story of her life.
- When I go to the pub I ... (usual) have a large whisky.
- B. Choose the right forms:
- Listen … (careful/carefully). I’m not going to say this again.
- Of course they were … (deliciously/delicious).
- Did you know that Charlie is … (complete/completely) blind?
- This music is really … (terrible/terribly).
- She can sing their songs pretty ... (good/well)
- New shoes …………..(usual/ usually) hurt a little bit. /'joesjullie/
(=tussen haakjes) in the right place.
That teacher
is extremely kind.
1. She asked me some questions..................... (patiently
/ patient-geduldig)
2. You don't
have to lock your doors here. This is a .............neighbourhood. (safely / safe)
3. She is........................ gifted. (terrible / terribly)
4. We stayed at this hotel ..........................called
"Five Lions" (amazing / amazingly).
5. I ................................have cornflakes for breakfast. (usual
/ usually)
EXTRA EXERCISES: FILL IN THE RIGHT FORM
1. I total/ totally agree with you.
2. He honest/ honestly didn't know anything about it.
3. Lucky/ luckily William was not at home yesterday.
4. We felt extreme/ extremely happy to see you.
5 I am real/ really working hard on my homework.
6. They are walking home after school slow/ slowly .
7. Sarah opened her birthday gift careful/ carefully.
8. He asked for my signature nice/ nicely.
9. Amy bought a cheap/ cheaply sandwich.
10. I was quick/ quickly bored of cleaning.
11. We usual/ usually meet / here / after school.
12. Your dog is dangerous/ dangerously close to the road.
13. He unkind/ unkindly told me to shut up.
14. Personal/ personally I am not a fan of that actor.
15. His room looked extreme/ extremely clean.
16. I was putting all my things away nice/ nicely
17. They real/ really became popular in school.
EXTRA EXERCISES: FILL IN THE RIGHT FORM
1. I total/ totally agree with you.
2. He honest/ honestly didn't know anything about it.
3. Lucky/ luckily William was not at home yesterday.
4. We felt extreme/ extremely happy to see you.
5 I am real/ really working hard on my homework.
6. They are walking home after school slow/ slowly .
7. Sarah opened her birthday gift careful/ carefully.
8. He asked for my signature nice/ nicely.
9. Amy bought a cheap/ cheaply sandwich.
10. I was quick/ quickly bored of cleaning.
11. We usual/ usually meet / here / after school.
12. Your dog is dangerous/ dangerously close to the road.
13. He unkind/ unkindly told me to shut up.
14. Personal/ personally I am not a fan of that actor.
15. His room looked extreme/ extremely clean.
16. I was putting all my things away nice/ nicely
17. They real/ really became popular in school.
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